Why is the bottle elevated when administered to patients and by what factors would the flow rate change if the height of the bottle above the patient is doubled, with other factors constant.
Answer:
IV bags are elevated to use gravity to administer fluids to a patient. Raising the height of the bag would increase the gravitational potential energy, but would not affect flow rate. The accerleration due to gravity is constant and the flow rate would be the same regardless of the height as long as it was elevated.
Two things that might change flow rate are changing the thickness of the tubes or changing the pressure of the bag. Normally, a full bag would exert more pressure than a nearly empty one, but IV's have pressure regulators. (The thing that drips from the bag to the tube) This is to keep the full high pressure bags from emptying out too quickly into the person.
So really the only thing that would affect flow rate is changing the thickness of the tube or removing the thing that dripped.
Gravity fed, there is a restrictor by the needle that will allow only so much Saline fluid in at a time.
So gravity can do the work of delivering it.
The rest of your questions sound like homework questions, so I'll pass.
the bottle is elevated so staff don't have to bend down to administer or adjust the drip.
as you know, water doesn't compress .. so the rate of flow is mostly determined by the size of the sphincter.
It is elevated so that the fluid drains into you. The flow rate does not change if the height was doubled. There is a clip on the IV that controls flow rate.
In the old days, intravenous fluid administration depended on gravity to overcome the venous pressure. I don't remember the average venous pressure, but it wasn't too high, measured in centimeters of water. Flow could be regulated by height of the bottle or by an adjustable clip on the iv tubing. The rate was determined by counting the drops per minute.There were 20 drops per milliliter in adult set-ups and 60 drops per ml in pediatric set-ups. They could go out of adjustment easily.
In most hospitals since the 1980's or so, iv fluids are adjusted via a pump that measures the flow rate and has digital read-outs and can be adjusted by the push of a button or two. Like every other piece of electronic equipment, it has to be calibrated periodically. But it is far more accurate, and the height of the bottle is less important, but it still needs to be placed above the pump.
In real life, other factors are never constant. Sometimes you cannot find a satisfactory vein to insert the needle. If a patient is markedly dehydrated, the flow rate has to be relatively fast. If he is in renal failure, fluids are administered very slowly. In severe diabetic ketoacidosis they have to be monitored very carefully. Sometimes you're damned if you give fluids too rapidly, othertimes you're damned if you give them too slowly.
Saturday, October 31, 2009
I've uric acid problem use to get pain whole part of body specially in toe ca't stand & walk much?
so please provede me some solution, about this ica't concerntraet with my job at all and and some time feel irretration, please advice how to relief this problem, doctor has telling if it logn terms desease it could be spoil to kidny, lung etc.
Answer:
I feel for you, I have gout on a recuring basis, it is extremely painfull. Diet has a big effect on it, but there seems everyone has a different answer to what foods trigger it, a friend of mine said strawberries caused it? For me it seems to be triggered by exessive drinking or too many cured meats (ham, sausage, bacon). Two remedies are supposed to be cherries, and apple cider vinegar. I have tried both but I am unsure if it really went away any faster as it comes and goes anyway, but the way I look at it it can't hurt.
Ibuprofen seems to reduce the pain slightly, it is the only non narcotic that seems to help (800 mg)
Ouch!!! Sounds like Gout, I feel for ya. Go to WebMD.com for your info.
is that all your dr. said? there are a few prescription products that you can take for this problem (called gout). also take some advil for painrelief for now and get a prescription!
Cut down you meat, chicken, shrimp and craps consumption. Avoid smoking, coffee and replace them with natural fresh juices, drink plenty and plenty of water. eat fruits and vegetables regularly, but avoid Mango.
Sounds like gout in your toe. It's painful. I suppose if the uric acid levels in your blood are not controlled your other organs will suffer. Did your doctor offer any suggestions about how to control the levels?
Answer:
I feel for you, I have gout on a recuring basis, it is extremely painfull. Diet has a big effect on it, but there seems everyone has a different answer to what foods trigger it, a friend of mine said strawberries caused it? For me it seems to be triggered by exessive drinking or too many cured meats (ham, sausage, bacon). Two remedies are supposed to be cherries, and apple cider vinegar. I have tried both but I am unsure if it really went away any faster as it comes and goes anyway, but the way I look at it it can't hurt.
Ibuprofen seems to reduce the pain slightly, it is the only non narcotic that seems to help (800 mg)
Ouch!!! Sounds like Gout, I feel for ya. Go to WebMD.com for your info.
is that all your dr. said? there are a few prescription products that you can take for this problem (called gout). also take some advil for painrelief for now and get a prescription!
Cut down you meat, chicken, shrimp and craps consumption. Avoid smoking, coffee and replace them with natural fresh juices, drink plenty and plenty of water. eat fruits and vegetables regularly, but avoid Mango.
Sounds like gout in your toe. It's painful. I suppose if the uric acid levels in your blood are not controlled your other organs will suffer. Did your doctor offer any suggestions about how to control the levels?
I've taken laxatives, eaten fiber, but I still face constipation. help?
it's been 5 days since my last... major trip to the toilet.. I've eaten an extremely healthy and high fiber diet, (oatmeal for breakfast, an entire mango for snack, whole wheat sandwhich, and various pastas for dinner), I've even taken LAXATIVES and still nothing will come out. sitting on the toilet for long periods of time gets me nowhere. I have major stomach pain and If I don't 'go' soon, should I stop eating until it finally comes?
Answer:
Take (2) shots of straight, undiluted "Heinz" brand apple cider vinegar!
Or, (if you can't handle it straight), mix (2) tablespoons of apple cider vinegar in an 8 oz. glass of water and sip until gone! (You may need to do two of these though because it's diluted).
It works great, and it's all natural.
(It also sterilizes your digestive tract and kills off bad bacteria)!
You should be dumping in 20 - 60 minutes!
You need to see your doctor ASAP, there could be something wrong with you internally. It is not normal not to go after 5 days. Also your doctor can prescribe a pill that will make you go more often.
Yes thats usually a cue that it's time for a Doctor. There could be serious blockage, polyps, dare I say cancer, or infection- something really wrong, if even laxatives wont help. My guess is blockage, and they can diagnose and fix whatever it is.
Best of luck to you, and I hope its nothing serious or expensive :)
You need to go to a doctor, this is more than just constipation.
Take an enema and Milk of Magnesia.
Acupunture really works!
Answer:
Take (2) shots of straight, undiluted "Heinz" brand apple cider vinegar!
Or, (if you can't handle it straight), mix (2) tablespoons of apple cider vinegar in an 8 oz. glass of water and sip until gone! (You may need to do two of these though because it's diluted).
It works great, and it's all natural.
(It also sterilizes your digestive tract and kills off bad bacteria)!
You should be dumping in 20 - 60 minutes!
You need to see your doctor ASAP, there could be something wrong with you internally. It is not normal not to go after 5 days. Also your doctor can prescribe a pill that will make you go more often.
Yes thats usually a cue that it's time for a Doctor. There could be serious blockage, polyps, dare I say cancer, or infection- something really wrong, if even laxatives wont help. My guess is blockage, and they can diagnose and fix whatever it is.
Best of luck to you, and I hope its nothing serious or expensive :)
You need to go to a doctor, this is more than just constipation.
Take an enema and Milk of Magnesia.
Acupunture really works!
Iv'e read that St. John's Wort may help night tremors. Is it safe to give it to my three year old daughter?
Answer:
no st john's wort is not suitable for children! I have heard of a remedy called 'indigo essences' they are really good, my brother has terrible nightmares and couldn't sleep so we tried these and they worked a treat! i would really recommend them have a look at the website and see what you think! they have no side affects and the child should usually pick which bottle they think themselves its a good idea good luck xxx
Absolutely not. A good herbal remedy but not for young children. Try homoeopathic phosphorus - much safer - can be used on any age. Consult a registered homoeopath for a complete prescription.
No. Do not give her ANYTHING without talking to her pediatrician first. Without the doctor's diagnosis, you don't know what she has.
my little boy suffers these quite badly. he usually starts around midnight, so instead of medication I go in his room just before midnight nudge him a little just so he stirs, whisper to him i love him kiss him and say goodnight. disturbing the deep sleep (in which tremours occur) has worked wonders. Try all possible routes before using any form of medication.
I really couldn't tell you only please don't give something like that to a 3 yr old, I do know it is banned in Ireland, why I don't know only that should tell you something. Get the right treatment from your doctor when it comes to your child.
St John's Wort is not recommended for children. Although an "herbal" remedy, it does have medicinal properties. Consult a physician before taking St. John's Wort for any reason.
please dont give this to your daughter
No. St. John's Wort is a natural sedative, it does have calming effects, but like all medication, natural, alternative or conventional it does have certain strengths and should only be administered to a child by an expert.
What exactly is the problem?
If it's a sleeping issue have you tried non-direct contact things like lavander or camomile scented cushion in her room?
I would suggest whatever the issue is that you seek professional help if you are that worried about it.
No, don't ever give St John's Wort to a child.
I wouldn't advise giving them to a three yr old %26 only give half of one, if u do. St johns wort is also an alternative to anti-depressants. U have to take no more than 900grams a day %26 it affects ur contraception pill.
Read the instructions.....No No No and again No!
Perhaps you ought to let her sleep with you until she gets over these tremours. It wouldn't hurt and at least she is getting and everyone else will be getting a restful nights sleep.
This is a question for her pediatrician...Better yet...Night Tremors are a symptom of something. You should try and find out what.
no i wouldnt
I've heard that taking flaxseed oil can help excessive sweating. Is this true?
Answer:
Flaxseed oil is derived from the seeds of the flax plant. Flaxseed oil and flaxseed contain substances that promote good health. Flaxseed oil is rich in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an essential fatty acid that appears to be beneficial for heart disease, inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis and a variety of other health conditions. Flaxseed, in addition to ALA, contains a group of chemicals called lignans that may play a role in the prevention of cancer. Please see the flaxseed monograph for further information on this herbal agent.
ALA, as well as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), belongs to a group of substances called omega-3 fatty acids. EPA and DHA are found primarily in fish while ALA is mostly found in flaxseed oil and other vegetable oils. Although similar in structure, the benefits of ALA, EPA, and DHA are not necessarily the same.
It is important to maintain an appropriate balance of omega-3 and omega-6 (another essential fatty acid) in the diet as these two substances work together to promote health. These essential fats are both examples of polyunsaturated fatty acids, or PUFAs. Omega-3 fatty acids help reduce inflammation and most omega-6 fatty acids tend to promote inflammation. An inappropriate balance of these essential fatty acids contributes to the development of disease while a proper balance helps maintain and even improve health. A healthy diet should consist of roughly two to four times more omega-6 fatty acids than omega-3 fatty acids. The typical American diet tends to contain 14 to 25 times more omega-6 fatty acids than omega-3 fatty acids and many researchers believe this imbalance is a significant factor in the rising rate of inflammatory disorders in the United States.
Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to reduce inflammation and help prevent certain chronic diseases such as heart disease and arthritis. These essential fatty acids appear to be particularly important for cognitive and behavioral function as well as normal growth and development.
------------------------------...
Uses
Studies suggest that flaxseed oil and other omega-3 fatty acids may be helpful in treating a variety of conditions. The evidence is strongest for heart disease and problems that contribute to heart disease, but the range of possible uses for flaxseed oil include:
High Cholesterol
People who follow a Mediterranean diet tend to have higher HDL ("good") cholesterol levels. The Mediterranean diet consists of a healthy balance between omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. It emphasizes whole grains, root and green vegetables, daily intake of fruit, fish and poultry, olive and canola oils, and ALA, along with discouragement of ingestion of red meat and total avoidance of butter and cream.
High Blood Pressure
Several studies suggest that diets and/or supplements rich in omega-3 fatty acids (including ALA) lower blood pressure significantly in people with hypertension. Fish high in mercury (such as tuna) should be avoided, however, because they may increase blood pressure.
Heart Disease
One of the best ways to help prevent and treat heart disease is to eat a low-fat diet and to replace foods rich in saturated and trans-fat with those that are rich in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats (including omega-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil). Evidence suggests that people who eat an ALA-rich diet are less likely to suffer a fatal heart attack.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Some people with Crohn's disease (CD), one form of IBD, have low levels of omega-3 fatty acids in their bodies. Fish oil supplements containing omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to reduce symptoms of CD and ulcerative colitis (another inflammatory bowel disease), particularly if used in addition to medication. Preliminary animal studies have found that ALA (such as from flaxseed oil) may actually be more effective than EPA and DHA found in fish oil supplements, but further studies in humans are needed to confirm these findings.
Arthritis
Several studies suggest that omega-3 fatty acid supplements reduce tenderness in joints, decrease morning stiffness, and allow for a reduction in the amount of medication needed for people with rheumatoid arthritis and, probably, osteoarthritis as well.
Breast Cancer
Women who regularly consume foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids over many years may be less likely to develop breast cancer and to die from the disease than women who do not follow such a diet. Laboratory and animal studies indicate that omega-3 fatty acids can inhibit the growth of human breast cancer cells and may even prevent the spread of cancer to other parts of the body. Several experts speculate that omega-3 fatty acids in combination with other nutrients (namely, vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, selenium, and coenzyme Q10) may prove to be of particular value for preventing and treating breast cancer.
Depression
People who do not get enough omega-3 fatty acids or do not maintain a healthy balance of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids in their diet may be at an increased risk for depression. The omega-3 fatty acids are important components of nerve cell membranes. They help nerve cells communicate with each other, which is an essential step in maintaining good mental health.
Burns
Essential fatty acids have been used to reduce inflammation and promote wound healing in burn victims. Animal research indicates that omega-3 fatty acids help promote a healthy balance of proteins in the body -- protein balance is important for recovery after sustaining a burn. Further research is necessary to determine if this may apply to people as well.
Acne
Although there are few studies to support the use of omega-3 fatty acids for skin problems, many clinicians believe that flaxseed is helpful for treating acne.
Asthma
Preliminary research suggests that omega-3 fatty acid supplements may decrease inflammation and improve lung function in adults with asthma.
Menstrual pain
In a study of nearly 200 Danish women, those with the highest dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids had the mildest symptoms during menstruation.
Other
Although further research is needed, preliminary evidence suggests that omega-3 fatty acids may also prove helpful in protecting against certain infections and treating a variety of conditions including ulcers, migraine headaches, preterm labor, emphysema, psoriasis, glaucoma, Lyme disease, lupus, and panic attacks.
Wow... good to know. I am a major sweater... I will take it now. I will find out and then tell you! Do you sweat alot?
I've heard of people using their own urin as medicene. What do they do with it?
Answer:
http://www.all-natural.com/urine.html...
http://skepdic.com/urine.html
Not that I would try it.
Especially not after eating asparagus!
Eeewww.
I Myself Have Never Heard Of That So I Am Very Sorry To Say That I Can Not Help You There
theres a couple things:
they drink it and it fixes headaches and migrains
they put it on the body to heat it up
I've had this pimple for a week now?
I've had this pimple on the side of my nose for a week now. Its pretty much just a red bump. Not a white head, not a blackhead, just a painless, red bump. I'm honestly thinking of just squeezing it as hard as i can. It shows no signs of going away.
Answer:
Hey thanks for sharing that with us.
If its painless, it might be an inflamed cyst...
But whatever you do, DO NOT SQUEEZE IT! It only makes it worse short and long term. Wash it daily until it goes away. Try different drying creams like OXY.
Try a warm wet compress. Just soak a washcloth in hot water and hold it against the area while watching TV or something. Keep doing that (rewarming the washcloth as needed) for about an hour or so. You should be much improved by morning.
warm compresses will make it come to a head..wash your face gently 3 or 4 times a day with dove or ivory soap.
use preperation H on the sore pimple..it will draw it to a head and shrink the swelling.
After this if you wash your face and never touch your face with your hands your acne will go away...an antibiotic can make the infected face heal.
They usually give acne patients 250 mg of amoxil or keflex 1x a day for a month
Answer:
Hey thanks for sharing that with us.
If its painless, it might be an inflamed cyst...
But whatever you do, DO NOT SQUEEZE IT! It only makes it worse short and long term. Wash it daily until it goes away. Try different drying creams like OXY.
Try a warm wet compress. Just soak a washcloth in hot water and hold it against the area while watching TV or something. Keep doing that (rewarming the washcloth as needed) for about an hour or so. You should be much improved by morning.
warm compresses will make it come to a head..wash your face gently 3 or 4 times a day with dove or ivory soap.
use preperation H on the sore pimple..it will draw it to a head and shrink the swelling.
After this if you wash your face and never touch your face with your hands your acne will go away...an antibiotic can make the infected face heal.
They usually give acne patients 250 mg of amoxil or keflex 1x a day for a month
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