anyone do youll have friends or relatives 7ft-8ft some tall in height still living?
Answer:
I know someone who's almost 6'10, in perfect health. That's the closest.
just answering.
All Shaq's friends do.
yes i do 8'10
no. it would be a record for someone in my family to reach 6 ft.
Yes and you would not believe it but meeeee.
I think my teacher is 7 or less. But she is still living
Nobody that tall in my family.
No. The tallest person is my grandpa and he's about 6.
My daddy is 7'11'' .he is still alive .Thanks for asking .
Tuesday, May 25, 2010
Joints are jacked up?
My joints snap, pop, and crack especially in my knees and shoulders due to inactivity at least thats what I think. What can I do about it? I know to exercise but what else?
Answer:
try a bong instead of joints, or maybe a pipe.
take glucosamine and chondroiton pills, you can find them at most pharmacies and stores like walmart, they arent cheap but they might help , you are going to have very bad arthritis when you get a little older. im quite crippled up with it.
i say shark cartlige is a good suppliment but a shark has to die to lube your joints
Answer:
try a bong instead of joints, or maybe a pipe.
take glucosamine and chondroiton pills, you can find them at most pharmacies and stores like walmart, they arent cheap but they might help , you are going to have very bad arthritis when you get a little older. im quite crippled up with it.
i say shark cartlige is a good suppliment but a shark has to die to lube your joints
Jet lag/lack of sleep... how to cure?
I have not been travelling, but it's a while it seems I'm living on someone else's time zone... 8 hours over. People go to sleep at 10-11 pm... I can't seem to sleep until 7-8 am, and that's when I have to get up, which makes me sleepless or crashing by 3 pm (and I can't seem to stay awake, even though I try really hard).
Any idea how to fix this thing?
Answer:
Unfortunately the only way through this is to force yourself up until 10 pm it's hard i know i'm in the same boat as i've just came off night shift, but go out for a jog and have a shower just don't get comfortable till about ten and you will be adjusted, good luck it sux i know but it's only one day of adjustment i need to do it alot.
When it reaches 10pm have the biggest joint you have ever had, OR get totally pissed. By the time you wake up it will be morning!
Taa Daa!! yes yes I know i have cured your problem.
take a week off from work and rest the whole time, your body clock will adjust itself
i know this isn't maybe the best way, but have you tried taking something to help you sleep? i have gotten my sleep screwed up if i stay up late or even all night. it can just be one night, but then i seem messed up for days. so i got some stuff to help me sleep and took it an hour before i wanted to go to sleep, make sure you have eight hours to sleep - that way the medicine has a chance to work itself out of your system and you don't feel groggy the next day. don't let yourself take a nap the next day! then hopefully you can go to sleep on your own the next day! i know this may sound simple, but it is what works for me!
I have heard it said by those who do the transatlantic flights that boosting the amount of carbohydrates you eat before and during a journey reduces jetlag and also drinking more water and abstaining from alcohol helps. It is possible in USA to get tablets for jetlag but they are not available over the counter in the UK.
I have personally found that the secret is to stay awake in the country that you have arrived in, until the time in that country that you would normally go to bed.
Any idea how to fix this thing?
Answer:
Unfortunately the only way through this is to force yourself up until 10 pm it's hard i know i'm in the same boat as i've just came off night shift, but go out for a jog and have a shower just don't get comfortable till about ten and you will be adjusted, good luck it sux i know but it's only one day of adjustment i need to do it alot.
When it reaches 10pm have the biggest joint you have ever had, OR get totally pissed. By the time you wake up it will be morning!
Taa Daa!! yes yes I know i have cured your problem.
take a week off from work and rest the whole time, your body clock will adjust itself
i know this isn't maybe the best way, but have you tried taking something to help you sleep? i have gotten my sleep screwed up if i stay up late or even all night. it can just be one night, but then i seem messed up for days. so i got some stuff to help me sleep and took it an hour before i wanted to go to sleep, make sure you have eight hours to sleep - that way the medicine has a chance to work itself out of your system and you don't feel groggy the next day. don't let yourself take a nap the next day! then hopefully you can go to sleep on your own the next day! i know this may sound simple, but it is what works for me!
I have heard it said by those who do the transatlantic flights that boosting the amount of carbohydrates you eat before and during a journey reduces jetlag and also drinking more water and abstaining from alcohol helps. It is possible in USA to get tablets for jetlag but they are not available over the counter in the UK.
I have personally found that the secret is to stay awake in the country that you have arrived in, until the time in that country that you would normally go to bed.
Jaw pain....all the time?
I have had some pretty bad jaw pain for quite sometime now, I think I have TMJ but have not been diagnosed. It seems gum chewing bothers it even more. Although there is almost constant pain.
Any out there have this problem?
Answer:
I feel your pain.
Ok if your jaw clicks, you probably do have TMJ. The best choice is to talk to orthodontists because they might be able to nonsurgically fix your jaw. The younger you are the better (if you're over 20 it still wouldn't hurt to talk to one : / ) .
Check this website to learn more
http://www.aafo.org/
Click on find a member in your area section.
no I don't go and see a dentist now.
Any out there have this problem?
Answer:
I feel your pain.
Ok if your jaw clicks, you probably do have TMJ. The best choice is to talk to orthodontists because they might be able to nonsurgically fix your jaw. The younger you are the better (if you're over 20 it still wouldn't hurt to talk to one : / ) .
Check this website to learn more
http://www.aafo.org/
Click on find a member in your area section.
no I don't go and see a dentist now.
'Jaw Clicking' - should I be concerned? what is it and how can I stop?
my jaws have clicked as long as I can remember, - - in fact, I think I used to do it for fun when I was a kid (yeah - I know, stupid kid!) anyway, my wife says it is getting worse, louder, I'm 37..
seems that it comes and goes (like, I can't make it click right now) - but happens most often when I am eating..
anybody know anything about this?
Answer:
I have this. It is annoying. My husband get's mad at me for clicking when I eat sometimes. Like I can help it! DUH! The dentist told me that some people just do that. It can cause lock jaw if it clicks the wrong way sometime. But it is VERY RARE! And said not to worry about it, so I don't.
I got it too. You can see a dentist %26 he will try to put your jaw back in line or like me, you can just put up with it.
Mine does the same thing. My Jaw needs to be broken and realigned. At 47 I am not really bothered by it. The TMJ can cause headaches so if it gets bad you should see a Dr.
I have had this for probably 25 years.
my jaw used to click - turned out i had a mild form of lock-jaw that started when I broke my jaw bone - check to see if your tetanus shots are up to date, this may help.
TMJ - Google it and see if you have any of the symptoms. If you don't have any pain or headaches, then you probably can live with it. Your jaw just doesn't line up right and sometimes one side or the other pops out of joint. There is surgery to correct it and a lot of dental insurance companies will cover it if you feel the need to fix it.
hey yeah I had that too and I went to the dentist about it thinking it was because my jaw was not aligned properly but he said it's a normal part of aging just like losing your eyesight - but not everyone gets it. So unfortunately you're kinda stuck with it. But when I went to the dentist he sanded the back of my teeth down like 2millimetres and it made a big difference.. the clicking isn't so loud anymore. It helped but it didn't make it go away. He also said having braces will help too which I am doing in like 3 weeks.
TMJ
You may not have heard of it, but you use it hundreds of times every day. It is the Temporo-Mandibular Joint (TMJ), the joint where the mandible (the lower jaw) joins the temporal bone of the skull, immediately in front of the ear on each side of your head. A small disc of cartilage separates the bones, much like in the knee joint, so that the mandible may slide easily; each time you chew you move it. But you also move it every time you talk and each time you swallow (every three minutes or so). It is, therefore, one of the most frequently used of all joints of the body and one of the most complex.
You can locate this joint by putting your finger on the triangular structure in front of your ear. Then move your finger just slightly forward and press firmly while you open your jaw all the way and shut it. The motion you feel is the TMJ. You can also feel the joint motion in your ear canal.
These maneuvers can cause considerable discomfort to a patient who is having TMJ trouble, and physicians use these maneuvers with patients for diagnosis.
How Does TMJ Work?
When you bite down hard, you put force on the object between your teeth and on the joint. In terms of physics, the jaw is the lever and the TMJ is the fulcrum. Actually, more force is applied (per square foot) to the joint surface than to whatever is between your teeth. To accommodate such forces and to prevent too much wear and tear, the cartilage between the mandible and skull normally provides a smooth surface, over which the joint can freely slide with minimal friction.
Therefore, the forces of chewing can be distributed over a wider surface in the joint space and minimize the risk of injury. In addition, several muscles contribute to opening and closing the jaw and aid in the function of the TMJ.
Symptoms:
Ear pain
Sore jaw muscles
Temple/cheek pain
Jaw popping/clicking
Locking of the jaw
Difficulty in opening the mouth fully
Frequent head/neck aches
How Does TMJ Dysfunction Feel?
The pain may be sharp and searing, occurring each time you swallow, yawn, talk, or chew, or it may be dull and constant. It hurts over the joint, immediately in front of the ear, but pain can also radiate elsewhere. It often causes spasms in the adjacent muscles that are attached to the bones of the skull, face, and jaws. Then, pain can be felt at the side of the head (the temple), the cheek, the lower jaw, and the teeth.
A very common focus of pain is in the ear. Many patients come to the ear specialist quite convinced their pain is from an ear infection. When the earache is not associated with a hearing loss and the eardrum looks normal, the doctor will consider the possibility that the pain comes from a TMJ dysfunction.
There are a few other symptoms besides pain that TMJ dysfunction can cause. It can make popping, clicking, or grinding sounds when the jaws are opened widely. Or the jaw locks wide open (dislocated). At the other extreme, TMJ dysfunction can prevent the jaws from fully opening. Some people get ringing in their ears from TMJ trouble.
How Can Things Go Wrong with TMJ?
In most patients, pain associated with the TMJ is a result of displacement of the cartilage disc that causes pressure and stretching of the associated sensory nerves. The popping or clicking occurs when the disk snaps into place when the jaw moves. In addition, the chewing muscles may spasm, not function efficiently, and cause pain and tenderness.
Both major and minor trauma to the jaw can significantly contribute to the development of TMJ problems. If you habitually clench, grit, or grind your teeth, you increase the wear on the cartilage lining of the joint, and it doesn't have a chance to recover. Many persons are unaware that they grind their teeth, unless someone tells them so.
Chewing gum much of the day can cause similar problems. Stress and other psychological factors have also been implicated as contributory factors to TMJ dysfunction. Other causes include teeth that do not fit together properly (improper bite), malpositioned jaws, and arthritis. In certain cases, chronic malposition of the cartilage disc and persistent wear in the cartilage lining of the joint space can cause further damage.
What Can Be Done for TMJ?
Because TMJ symptoms often develop in the head and neck, otolaryngologists are appropriately qualified to diagnose TMJ problems. Proper diagnosis of TMJ begins with a detailed history and physical, including careful assessment of the teeth occlusion and function of the jaw joints and muscles. If the doctor diagnoses your case early, it will probably respond to these simple, self-remedies:
Rest the muscles and joints by eating soft foods.
Do not chew gum.
Avoid clenching or tensing.
Relax muscles with moist heat (1/2 hour at least twice daily).
In cases of joint injury, ice packs applied soon after the injury can help reduce swelling. Relaxation techniques and stress reduction, patient education, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, muscle relaxants or other medications may be indicated in a dose your doctor recommends.
Other therapies may include fabrication of an occlusal splint to prevent wear and tear on the joint. Improving the alignment of the upper and lower teeth and surgical options are available for advanced cases. After diagnosis, your otolaryngologist may suggest further consultation with your dentist and oral surgeon to facilitate effective management of TMJ dysfunction.
me and my mom both do it and her mom so i think its genetic. i don't think , actually im sure it doesn't hurt, or cause a prblem just don't do it on purpose. But it aggrevates me so much when im eating and my jaw pops, so i know how you feel.
Same thing with me mid 30's clicked all my life. Dentist says not to worry if it has gone on this long as long as it doesn't bother me
Its called TMJ. I have the same thing.Do you suffer from headaches? I have bad headaches sometimes.The dr. said its from that.. He also said some people have it so bad they need surgery.I hate it when I am eating sometimes, people sitting across the room can hear me.
seems that it comes and goes (like, I can't make it click right now) - but happens most often when I am eating..
anybody know anything about this?
Answer:
I have this. It is annoying. My husband get's mad at me for clicking when I eat sometimes. Like I can help it! DUH! The dentist told me that some people just do that. It can cause lock jaw if it clicks the wrong way sometime. But it is VERY RARE! And said not to worry about it, so I don't.
I got it too. You can see a dentist %26 he will try to put your jaw back in line or like me, you can just put up with it.
Mine does the same thing. My Jaw needs to be broken and realigned. At 47 I am not really bothered by it. The TMJ can cause headaches so if it gets bad you should see a Dr.
I have had this for probably 25 years.
my jaw used to click - turned out i had a mild form of lock-jaw that started when I broke my jaw bone - check to see if your tetanus shots are up to date, this may help.
TMJ - Google it and see if you have any of the symptoms. If you don't have any pain or headaches, then you probably can live with it. Your jaw just doesn't line up right and sometimes one side or the other pops out of joint. There is surgery to correct it and a lot of dental insurance companies will cover it if you feel the need to fix it.
hey yeah I had that too and I went to the dentist about it thinking it was because my jaw was not aligned properly but he said it's a normal part of aging just like losing your eyesight - but not everyone gets it. So unfortunately you're kinda stuck with it. But when I went to the dentist he sanded the back of my teeth down like 2millimetres and it made a big difference.. the clicking isn't so loud anymore. It helped but it didn't make it go away. He also said having braces will help too which I am doing in like 3 weeks.
TMJ
You may not have heard of it, but you use it hundreds of times every day. It is the Temporo-Mandibular Joint (TMJ), the joint where the mandible (the lower jaw) joins the temporal bone of the skull, immediately in front of the ear on each side of your head. A small disc of cartilage separates the bones, much like in the knee joint, so that the mandible may slide easily; each time you chew you move it. But you also move it every time you talk and each time you swallow (every three minutes or so). It is, therefore, one of the most frequently used of all joints of the body and one of the most complex.
You can locate this joint by putting your finger on the triangular structure in front of your ear. Then move your finger just slightly forward and press firmly while you open your jaw all the way and shut it. The motion you feel is the TMJ. You can also feel the joint motion in your ear canal.
These maneuvers can cause considerable discomfort to a patient who is having TMJ trouble, and physicians use these maneuvers with patients for diagnosis.
How Does TMJ Work?
When you bite down hard, you put force on the object between your teeth and on the joint. In terms of physics, the jaw is the lever and the TMJ is the fulcrum. Actually, more force is applied (per square foot) to the joint surface than to whatever is between your teeth. To accommodate such forces and to prevent too much wear and tear, the cartilage between the mandible and skull normally provides a smooth surface, over which the joint can freely slide with minimal friction.
Therefore, the forces of chewing can be distributed over a wider surface in the joint space and minimize the risk of injury. In addition, several muscles contribute to opening and closing the jaw and aid in the function of the TMJ.
Symptoms:
Ear pain
Sore jaw muscles
Temple/cheek pain
Jaw popping/clicking
Locking of the jaw
Difficulty in opening the mouth fully
Frequent head/neck aches
How Does TMJ Dysfunction Feel?
The pain may be sharp and searing, occurring each time you swallow, yawn, talk, or chew, or it may be dull and constant. It hurts over the joint, immediately in front of the ear, but pain can also radiate elsewhere. It often causes spasms in the adjacent muscles that are attached to the bones of the skull, face, and jaws. Then, pain can be felt at the side of the head (the temple), the cheek, the lower jaw, and the teeth.
A very common focus of pain is in the ear. Many patients come to the ear specialist quite convinced their pain is from an ear infection. When the earache is not associated with a hearing loss and the eardrum looks normal, the doctor will consider the possibility that the pain comes from a TMJ dysfunction.
There are a few other symptoms besides pain that TMJ dysfunction can cause. It can make popping, clicking, or grinding sounds when the jaws are opened widely. Or the jaw locks wide open (dislocated). At the other extreme, TMJ dysfunction can prevent the jaws from fully opening. Some people get ringing in their ears from TMJ trouble.
How Can Things Go Wrong with TMJ?
In most patients, pain associated with the TMJ is a result of displacement of the cartilage disc that causes pressure and stretching of the associated sensory nerves. The popping or clicking occurs when the disk snaps into place when the jaw moves. In addition, the chewing muscles may spasm, not function efficiently, and cause pain and tenderness.
Both major and minor trauma to the jaw can significantly contribute to the development of TMJ problems. If you habitually clench, grit, or grind your teeth, you increase the wear on the cartilage lining of the joint, and it doesn't have a chance to recover. Many persons are unaware that they grind their teeth, unless someone tells them so.
Chewing gum much of the day can cause similar problems. Stress and other psychological factors have also been implicated as contributory factors to TMJ dysfunction. Other causes include teeth that do not fit together properly (improper bite), malpositioned jaws, and arthritis. In certain cases, chronic malposition of the cartilage disc and persistent wear in the cartilage lining of the joint space can cause further damage.
What Can Be Done for TMJ?
Because TMJ symptoms often develop in the head and neck, otolaryngologists are appropriately qualified to diagnose TMJ problems. Proper diagnosis of TMJ begins with a detailed history and physical, including careful assessment of the teeth occlusion and function of the jaw joints and muscles. If the doctor diagnoses your case early, it will probably respond to these simple, self-remedies:
Rest the muscles and joints by eating soft foods.
Do not chew gum.
Avoid clenching or tensing.
Relax muscles with moist heat (1/2 hour at least twice daily).
In cases of joint injury, ice packs applied soon after the injury can help reduce swelling. Relaxation techniques and stress reduction, patient education, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, muscle relaxants or other medications may be indicated in a dose your doctor recommends.
Other therapies may include fabrication of an occlusal splint to prevent wear and tear on the joint. Improving the alignment of the upper and lower teeth and surgical options are available for advanced cases. After diagnosis, your otolaryngologist may suggest further consultation with your dentist and oral surgeon to facilitate effective management of TMJ dysfunction.
me and my mom both do it and her mom so i think its genetic. i don't think , actually im sure it doesn't hurt, or cause a prblem just don't do it on purpose. But it aggrevates me so much when im eating and my jaw pops, so i know how you feel.
Same thing with me mid 30's clicked all my life. Dentist says not to worry if it has gone on this long as long as it doesn't bother me
Its called TMJ. I have the same thing.Do you suffer from headaches? I have bad headaches sometimes.The dr. said its from that.. He also said some people have it so bad they need surgery.I hate it when I am eating sometimes, people sitting across the room can hear me.
I was wondering does you stomach have a pulse?
yesturday I was playing with my son and I but him right in the middle of my stomach and I felt like a pulse just taping. I got so scared I just wanted to know if this is normal. thanks
Answer:
vain,
Well, it's not your stomach exactly, it's your aorta, and it is perfectly normal.
Your aorta arises from your left ventrical in our heart, curves up, back, and then down, and descends into your abdomen. If you put your hand high on your abdomen and push fairly hard, you'll be able to feel a pulse. That's just the way we're built.
When you think about it, what happened to you is a gift. You, your son, your hearts close together, and the heartbeat that gave him life to begin with, is a beautiful moment. Enjoy it each time.
Yes - there is a huge vein, the vena cava and an artery, the aorta, that runs right through the middle of the body. I think only veins have pulses, so you most likely felt the vena cava. It's actually a good thing to feel someone's pulse :). Totally normal. No worries!
'pulse' is caused from blood 'pulsing' through your body after being 'pushed' through from your heart.
there are multiple places on your body where you can feel your pulse. (try your wrist, or behind your ear, or between your thumb and forefinger). so, theoretically, anywhere blood flows through your body, you could feel a pulse...
I have a strong abdominal pulse as well . it can be absolutely normal for the abdominal aortic pulse to be felt and seen , more so in thin people--- and when in certain positions such as laying on your back. :-) totally normal! :)
Sure its completely "Normal", hun! There are many places you can feel a "Pulse" at.. I have felt mine in various places, especially when I am being really active!! My neck especially, and my wrist, and even on my inner arm area, I have felt a pulse on my stomache before, like yourself, so there is "no" reason to be "alarmed", your going to be just fine! When your wrestling around like that , or getting your heart pumping in any way, you'll be surprised when and where you'll feel a "pulse" at! Just be "Glad" for the "Fun-Loving-Uncoditional-Well-... time you shared with your son!!" That's so important these days, with both parents working "nowadays"!! To try to spend as much time with our children as possible, you know.. Hey, you have a "Wonderful Evening, for us on Yahoo, and remember they grow-up right in front of our eyes, and off to "College" they go, before you know it!! So Sad, but so "True!!! Smile!!!
Answer:
vain,
Well, it's not your stomach exactly, it's your aorta, and it is perfectly normal.
Your aorta arises from your left ventrical in our heart, curves up, back, and then down, and descends into your abdomen. If you put your hand high on your abdomen and push fairly hard, you'll be able to feel a pulse. That's just the way we're built.
When you think about it, what happened to you is a gift. You, your son, your hearts close together, and the heartbeat that gave him life to begin with, is a beautiful moment. Enjoy it each time.
Yes - there is a huge vein, the vena cava and an artery, the aorta, that runs right through the middle of the body. I think only veins have pulses, so you most likely felt the vena cava. It's actually a good thing to feel someone's pulse :). Totally normal. No worries!
'pulse' is caused from blood 'pulsing' through your body after being 'pushed' through from your heart.
there are multiple places on your body where you can feel your pulse. (try your wrist, or behind your ear, or between your thumb and forefinger). so, theoretically, anywhere blood flows through your body, you could feel a pulse...
I have a strong abdominal pulse as well . it can be absolutely normal for the abdominal aortic pulse to be felt and seen , more so in thin people--- and when in certain positions such as laying on your back. :-) totally normal! :)
Sure its completely "Normal", hun! There are many places you can feel a "Pulse" at.. I have felt mine in various places, especially when I am being really active!! My neck especially, and my wrist, and even on my inner arm area, I have felt a pulse on my stomache before, like yourself, so there is "no" reason to be "alarmed", your going to be just fine! When your wrestling around like that , or getting your heart pumping in any way, you'll be surprised when and where you'll feel a "pulse" at! Just be "Glad" for the "Fun-Loving-Uncoditional-Well-... time you shared with your son!!" That's so important these days, with both parents working "nowadays"!! To try to spend as much time with our children as possible, you know.. Hey, you have a "Wonderful Evening, for us on Yahoo, and remember they grow-up right in front of our eyes, and off to "College" they go, before you know it!! So Sad, but so "True!!! Smile!!!
Saturday, October 31, 2009
IWhy is the bottle of IV fluids elevated when administered to patients?
Why is the bottle elevated when administered to patients and by what factors would the flow rate change if the height of the bottle above the patient is doubled, with other factors constant.
Answer:
IV bags are elevated to use gravity to administer fluids to a patient. Raising the height of the bag would increase the gravitational potential energy, but would not affect flow rate. The accerleration due to gravity is constant and the flow rate would be the same regardless of the height as long as it was elevated.
Two things that might change flow rate are changing the thickness of the tubes or changing the pressure of the bag. Normally, a full bag would exert more pressure than a nearly empty one, but IV's have pressure regulators. (The thing that drips from the bag to the tube) This is to keep the full high pressure bags from emptying out too quickly into the person.
So really the only thing that would affect flow rate is changing the thickness of the tube or removing the thing that dripped.
Gravity fed, there is a restrictor by the needle that will allow only so much Saline fluid in at a time.
So gravity can do the work of delivering it.
The rest of your questions sound like homework questions, so I'll pass.
the bottle is elevated so staff don't have to bend down to administer or adjust the drip.
as you know, water doesn't compress .. so the rate of flow is mostly determined by the size of the sphincter.
It is elevated so that the fluid drains into you. The flow rate does not change if the height was doubled. There is a clip on the IV that controls flow rate.
In the old days, intravenous fluid administration depended on gravity to overcome the venous pressure. I don't remember the average venous pressure, but it wasn't too high, measured in centimeters of water. Flow could be regulated by height of the bottle or by an adjustable clip on the iv tubing. The rate was determined by counting the drops per minute.There were 20 drops per milliliter in adult set-ups and 60 drops per ml in pediatric set-ups. They could go out of adjustment easily.
In most hospitals since the 1980's or so, iv fluids are adjusted via a pump that measures the flow rate and has digital read-outs and can be adjusted by the push of a button or two. Like every other piece of electronic equipment, it has to be calibrated periodically. But it is far more accurate, and the height of the bottle is less important, but it still needs to be placed above the pump.
In real life, other factors are never constant. Sometimes you cannot find a satisfactory vein to insert the needle. If a patient is markedly dehydrated, the flow rate has to be relatively fast. If he is in renal failure, fluids are administered very slowly. In severe diabetic ketoacidosis they have to be monitored very carefully. Sometimes you're damned if you give fluids too rapidly, othertimes you're damned if you give them too slowly.
Answer:
IV bags are elevated to use gravity to administer fluids to a patient. Raising the height of the bag would increase the gravitational potential energy, but would not affect flow rate. The accerleration due to gravity is constant and the flow rate would be the same regardless of the height as long as it was elevated.
Two things that might change flow rate are changing the thickness of the tubes or changing the pressure of the bag. Normally, a full bag would exert more pressure than a nearly empty one, but IV's have pressure regulators. (The thing that drips from the bag to the tube) This is to keep the full high pressure bags from emptying out too quickly into the person.
So really the only thing that would affect flow rate is changing the thickness of the tube or removing the thing that dripped.
Gravity fed, there is a restrictor by the needle that will allow only so much Saline fluid in at a time.
So gravity can do the work of delivering it.
The rest of your questions sound like homework questions, so I'll pass.
the bottle is elevated so staff don't have to bend down to administer or adjust the drip.
as you know, water doesn't compress .. so the rate of flow is mostly determined by the size of the sphincter.
It is elevated so that the fluid drains into you. The flow rate does not change if the height was doubled. There is a clip on the IV that controls flow rate.
In the old days, intravenous fluid administration depended on gravity to overcome the venous pressure. I don't remember the average venous pressure, but it wasn't too high, measured in centimeters of water. Flow could be regulated by height of the bottle or by an adjustable clip on the iv tubing. The rate was determined by counting the drops per minute.There were 20 drops per milliliter in adult set-ups and 60 drops per ml in pediatric set-ups. They could go out of adjustment easily.
In most hospitals since the 1980's or so, iv fluids are adjusted via a pump that measures the flow rate and has digital read-outs and can be adjusted by the push of a button or two. Like every other piece of electronic equipment, it has to be calibrated periodically. But it is far more accurate, and the height of the bottle is less important, but it still needs to be placed above the pump.
In real life, other factors are never constant. Sometimes you cannot find a satisfactory vein to insert the needle. If a patient is markedly dehydrated, the flow rate has to be relatively fast. If he is in renal failure, fluids are administered very slowly. In severe diabetic ketoacidosis they have to be monitored very carefully. Sometimes you're damned if you give fluids too rapidly, othertimes you're damned if you give them too slowly.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)